Lifepo4 batterie’s olivine crystal structure gives it intrinsic safety. Based on the research figures of CATL in 2023, its temperature runaway ignition temperature is up to 270℃ (150℃ for NMC ternary lithium batteries), and in the UL 1642 needle-puncture test, its short-circuit peak temperature is merely 102℃ (more than 800℃ for NMC batteries). Fraunhofer Institute overcharge tests in Germany show that when the voltage is forced to be raised to 5V (standard 3.2V), lifepo4 cells experience a mere 0.3% capacity reduction, while NMC cells experience 100% thermal runaway in this scenario. The statistics of Tesla Megapack’s fire prove that the accident rate of the energy storage system with lifepo4 batterie is 0.002 times /GWh·year, which is two orders of magnitude lower than that of the ternary lithium battery system.
Intelligent BMS constructs multiple security defense lines. Huawei’s AI-BMS system achieves the sampling accuracy of voltage to ±1mV for lifepo4 batterie, and the response time of overcharge protection is compressed to 8ms (industry standard is 30ms). The actual measurement of the Norway Arctic Circle energy storage project shows that in a state of -40℃, the BMS can rise the temperature of the battery cells from -35℃ to -10℃ in 12 minutes by pulse heating (with energy consumption taking up 1.8%), and the capacity reduction rate of the low-temperature cycle reduces from 12% to 0.7%. In Saudi NEOM high-temperature test, after 90 days of storage in 55℃+100%SOC, the floating charge voltage was dynamically controlled by BMS (with an error of ±0.5%), and the recovery rate of capacity was still 99.3%.
The physical impact-resistant structural design. BYD Blade Battery lifepo4 cells passed the 46-ton pressure test (the national standard of which is 10 tons). The module operated for 200 hours according to the MIL-STD-810G vibration standard (5-500Hz frequency, 7.5Grms acceleration), and the displacement of the cells was ≤0.05mm. The 2024 Tesla crash test showed that after the rear collision at 80km/h, the Model 3 with lifepo4 batterie had no leakage of electrolyte (8mL leakage of the NCA battery pack), and the rate of cell deformation was under control at 0.3%. United States Marine Corps field power supply case shows that capacity retention rate of lifepo4 batterie was still 91% after 3,000 cycles in the vibration environment level 6 (amplitude ±3.5mm).
Chemical stability suppresses side reactions. The growth rate of the SEI film in lifepo4 batterie is only 0.03nm/week (0.15nm/week for graphite anode NMC batteries), and lithium dendrite thickness after 5,000 cycles is ≤2μm (≥20μm for NMC batteries). The accelerated aging test by Japan JET Laboratory demonstrates that when testing at the 45 ° C +100%DoD condition, the rate of capacity attenuation for lifepo4 batterie is 0.008% per week (0.05% per week for NMC battery) and the leaching concentration of iron of cathode material ≤0.8ppm (15ppm for cobalt leaching for NMC batteries). The EU RoHS test confirmed that the emission of toxic gases (HF<1ppm, CO<5ppm) at the point of its end-of-cycle life is only 1/20 of NMC batteries.
Double revolution of economy and security. The overall lifecycle cost of maintenance of lifepo4 batterie is 58% lower compared to lead-acid batteries, and its global market share will exceed 45% in 2024. Statistics by the National Touring Car Association of America reveal that the ratio of self-ignition insurance payment for cars equipped with lifepo4 batterie as standard has dropped from 0.17% to 0.002%, meaning there is a saving of $320 per vehicle on annual premiums. China Tower’s upgrade of its 5G base stations has proved that after lifepo4 replaced lead-acid, the replacement interval for batteries increased from 2 years to 10 years, and the cost of labor for operation and maintenance decreased by 83%.